This monograph, written by scholars of the Sports Department at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, is primarily intended for teachers (not merely those teaching in middle schools) and undergraduate students at faculties of education, however, its broad theoretical and practical scope makes it a suitable source of information for the broader circle of people working in physical education and sport. It begins with theoretical points of departure for the physical education process focusing on the relation between theory and practice, history, didactics, anthropomotor theory, diagnostics of musculoskeletal systems, support for handicapped students, sports training for the youth and the talent selection. In addition it presents in detail didactic approaches to the implementation of school (and extracurricular) physical education in accordance with the goals of the framework educational program (in Czech abbreviated as RVP), including remedial physical education, athletics, gymnastics (artistic, rhythmic and fitness), games (both sports and non-traditional), swimming, combat sports and outdoor activities (hiking, climbing, skiing, snowboarding and skating). Providing detailed information, this book facilitates the application of RVP requirements in co-curricular educational programs.