Martin Soukup’s book is the first original Czech work which systematically focuses on the methodological foundations of cultural and social anthropology. It explains the taxonomy of Anglo-Saxon anthropology as well as the basic concepts of the field and describes the historical circumstances of the origin and development of its methods and techniques. It pays special attention to a detailed description of selected techniques of field research and all of its stages, from planning to the completion. The scholar enriched this attractive and systematic text with observations on his own experiences in New Guinea. The books is intended for anthropologists, ethnologists, sociologists and anyone interested in methods and techniques of anthropological research of society and culture.