The preparations of this issue started at an interdisciplinary conference of the KREAS project (Creativity and Adaptability as Conditions of the Success of Europe in an Interrelated World) at Charles University in May 2022. The key questions addressed by the conference, as well as in the articles in this issue, are those of the nature and status of present national and cultural identities, and of the possibilities of intercultural dialogue. The urgency of these questions is greatly increased by the unprecedented acts of terrorism and genocide committed by the Russian army in Ukraine. The causes of the Russian aggression include the upsurge and radicalization of nationalism based on Russian Orthodox Christianity,1 and its recent transformation into a militant ideology leading to violence and destruction unseen in Europe since World War II.